Lessons for Leaders: Situational Awareness

I have spent significant time studying the leadership challenges presented by the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. It started with time spent in the Gulf with my colleague, Dr. Leonard Marcus, in the early days of the spill. It continued with the writing of a case history and then a case study that I co-taught with Rear Admiral Peter Neffenger, USCG, to the most recent cohort of the National Preparedness Leadership Initiative (NPLI) at Harvard. Neffenger was Deputy National Incident Commander during the event.

This article in Disaster Response Journal, co-authored with my NPLI colleague, Dr. Barry Dorn who also spent time in the Gulf with National Incident Commander Admiral Thad Allen, presents some of the lessons learned specific to situational awareness in a fast-evolving incident. It explores how the meta-leadership framework developed at the NPLI can improve situational awareness and thus enhance decision making. Among the lessons:

A COP (common operating picture) ensures everyone sees a common set of facts. This is important. However, each individual will interpret those facts somewhat differently because each person has different experience, expertise, biases, and preferences. That is why the meta-leadership framework begins with the person: having the capacity to be self-aware and cognizant of others’ perceptions, the leader will more accurately comprehend the situation and integrate input from others. Being able to integrate multiple sources of information, both objective and subjective, is central to situational awareness.

Please read the article and share your thoughts and comments.

Leading Complex Systems

Over the spring 2011 semester I spent considerable time looking at the challenge of leading complex systems. This was the first of what will be a six-semester effort over the next three years. In this initial, broad brush examination I used the sustainable city as proxy for a complex system. I also looked at both the literature on systems and systems leadership as well as at traditional leadership work to see if I could discover why there seems to be such a vacuum of leadership at the system level. The resulting paper, very much a work in progress, is posted below.

Among my findings was that the traditional leadership literature — that which most of us are taught — comes up short on three critical points:

- Complexity: a leader must understand what kind of complexity he or she confronts and have a framework for dealing with it. There are dramatic differences, for example, between disorganized and organized  complexity (see the paper for details);

- Agency: how much do leaders control completely versus how much do they co-control and co-create with others. In complex systems, leaders control less and can influence more than they realize;

- Emergence: how much can leaders design versus how much must they help establish the conditions in which a positive outcome emerges. There is a strong predilection toward the former yet reality is closer to the latter.

I welcome your comments and will continue to post updates on this work as they are ready.
Download the PDF: Meta System Leadership

Looking Toward 2011 with Trepidation or Hope?

I feel good about the sustainability and leadership work that I was able to do this year: organizing a Sustainable Cities conference and a Value-based Sustainability conference  for the Executive Council, co-authoring the HBR case study, “Should the C-Suite Have a Green Seat?” with Rupert Davis of MontaRosa, and a completing a white paper on the Pillar Trends with MontaRosa (to be released by the end of the year). Overall, however, 2010 will not go down as a good year.

Late in 2009 world leaders met for COP15 in Copenhagen and came away empty-handed. Hopes were incredibly high — too high to ever have been fully fulfilled — and the hangover from that disappointment bled into 2010. Carbon legislation stalled in the U.S. and will not be helped by the more conservative Congress that will convene in January. A Conservative government was elected in the U.K. and will likely scale back investment in alternative energy and other green measures as part of its overall austerity plan. Europe is teetering on the brink of a major Euro crisis that will distract from its leadership in sustainability. China continues to invest in green technologies but any discussion of the social justice aspects of sustainability would likely be met with a blank stare if not outright hostility. It also continues to build massively using old technologies and old standards in parallel to its efforts to be clean.

2011 may well be the year of full-blown backlash against climate change: the choir will continue to sing but increasingly to itself. The challenge will be to turn a time of retrenchment into an opportunity for recharging our batteries, refocusing our arguments, and frankly better understanding the concerns of those who are not on the bandwagon.

This is a challenge of leadership. As I have long maintained, technical knowledge is not what is holding us back: it is a lack of broadly persuasive, transformational meta-leadership that brings together disparate parties and engages both individuals and organizations in a cause bigger than their own self interests.

The financial crisis of the past two years has done much to pull us apart and cause people to focus on their own situations. This is natural given that many found themselves without a job, lacking health care, and losing their homes. Even those doing relatively well see themselves at risk. It is definitely a time of “there but for the grace of God go I.” Forecasts are that unemployment will not get better for some time and efforts to repeal the Health Care Reform act in the U.S. will make health care even more precarious for many.

I also think that the analytics of sustainability will become increasingly refined and more broadly accepted. It will become harder to argue against evidence with half-truths and ideological statements. If we who believe in the threat of climate change are smart, we will concentrate on making those analytics easily understandable by the lay public and relevant to their lives.

In all of this I find hope. My enthusiasm is undiminished. I’ll be starting a self-designed Master’s program at Lesley University focused on leadership of meta-system scale challenges (like climate change) and co-authoring a book on meta-leadership. I also am increasingly convinced that the leadership we need on climate change and sustainability (and health care for that matter) will come from the bottom and the middle rather than the top. There are hundred, thousands of grass roots efforts to address these issues. From these will emerge meta-leaders who can unite those working toward similar goals into an energized army of change. I plan to march among them and hope to see you in our ranks.

2011 may be the year of backlash but I think that it can lead to a year of resurgence in 2012.

What are your thoughts for 2011?

Idealism is…

I had the great good fortune to interview Michael Brown, co-founder and CEO of City Year, for a forthcoming book on meta-leadership. City Year is a volunteer service agency that deploys corps of young people to assist with worthy projects in 20 cities. It gives these youth the chance to garner valuable experience and share their invaluable energy and spirit. It was an inspiring 90 minutes.

You’ll have to wait for the book for the real skinny on the full interview but I have to share this one nugget: Brown said that inspiration is a skill set, not a mind set.

What he meant was that idealism is attitude in action. It is not simply optimism or a dreamy-eyed reach for the stars: idealism involves a commitment and concrete steps toward realizing the potential of one’s vision. Idealism is doing.

I have more than 10 pages of notes that are going to be great additions to the book. One of the things that I liked best about Brown was that he offered the books that inspired him, and his co-founder Alan Khazei, without having to be asked. Among them was Joseph Campbell’s The Power of Myth (both the PBS series and the book). I’m going to revisit that one.

I have long been a City Year enthusiast and a believer in national service. I’m sorry that I am too old to have taken advantage of the program but am happy and proud to be a supporter.

Lessons from Crisis Leadership

My latest case study for the Harvard Business Review appears in the March 2010 issue. I think that I may hold a record as it is my fifth. I enjoy writing these cases as they are fictional yet must be realistic. This lets me engage in character and plot development (getting harder in the new shorter format) as well as exploring actual organizational and leadership dilemmas.

This one, “The CEO Can’t Afford to Panic,” draws on the work I’ve done in conjunction with Harvard’s National Preparedness Leadership Initiative (NPLI). There, we observe and analyze leaders in high stakes, high stress situations such as natural disasters and terrorist attacks. I’m working to help generalize those lessons so that they are useful to people in more “mundane” situations such as product recalls, mergers and acquisitions, layoffs, turnarounds, and even positive events such as product launches.

I’ve learned a lot through this process working with Dr. Leonard Marcus, Dr. Barry Dorn,  Dr. Isaac Ashkenazi and the rest of the NPLI faculty and students — and am sure to learn much more as we are moving forward on a book on “meta-leadership” — the framework created at the NPLI.

Note: HBR charges for most of its content so you only get to read the complete case if you are a subscriber. I do, however, have a limited number of complimentary downloads. So, while they last, follow this link and read away:

https://archive.harvardbusiness.org/cla/web/pl/product.seam?c=3373&i=3375&cs=1056ec6498f8a894028cef5a2a361932